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''Wal-Mart v. Dukes'', , was a United States Supreme Court case. The case was an appeal from the Ninth Circuit's decision in ''Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.'', in which the Supreme Court, by a narrow 5-4 decision, reversed the district court's decision to certify a class action lawsuit in which the plaintiff class included 1.6 million women who currently work or have worked for Wal-Mart stores, including lead plaintiff Betty Dukes. Dukes, a current Wal-Mart employee, and others have alleged gender discrimination in pay and promotion policies and practices in Wal-Mart stores.〔(AAUW Stands with the Women of Wal-Mart During U.S. Supreme Court Hearing ), American Association of University Women.〕 The Court agreed to hear argument on whether a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure, Rule 23(b)(2) that provides for class-actions where the defendant's actions make injunctive relief appropriate can also be used to file a class-action that demands monetary damages. The Court also asked the parties to argue whether the class meets the traditional requirements of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation.〔(10-277 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, Questions Presented ), Supreme Court of the United States.〕 The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the class should not be certified in its current form, although they disagreed 5-4 on the reason and on allowing it to continue in a different form. == Background == In 2000 Betty Dukes, a 54-year-old Wal-Mart worker in California, claimed sex discrimination. Despite six years of work and positive performance reviews, she was denied the training she needed to advance to a higher salaried position. Wal-Mart argued Dukes clashed with a female Wal-Mart supervisor and was disciplined for admittedly returning late from lunch breaks. In June 2001, the lawsuit began in U.S. District Court in San Francisco. The plaintiffs sought to represent 1.6 million women, including women who were currently working or who had previously worked in a Wal-Mart store since December 26, 1998.〔(Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended October 31, 2005 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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